Play therapy is a developmentally appropriate therapeutic approach that uses play—the natural language of children—as a means of expression and healing. In a safe, supportive environment, children are encouraged to use toys, art materials, games, or role-play to communicate thoughts and feelings that may be difficult to express verbally. The therapist provides empathy, structure, and reflection, helping the child process experiences, regulate emotions, and develop healthier coping strategies.

There are both non-directive (child-centered) and directive models of play therapy. Non-directive play therapy, pioneered by Virginia Axline, emphasizes unconditional acceptance and allows the child to lead, fostering self-expression and empowerment. Directive models, meanwhile, incorporate more structured therapeutic interventions when specific goals are being addressed. Research demonstrates that play therapy is effective in reducing behavioral difficulties, improving emotional regulation, and supporting children experiencing trauma, anxiety, grief, or developmental challenges (Ray, Bratton, Rhine, & Jones, 2005; Landreth, 2002).